After Gwalior campaign in 1232, a commemorative coin was struck to mark the victory. Whose name was inscribed on the coin along with that of Iltutmish?
- Turkan Khatoon
- Nasiruddin Mahmud
- Ruknuddin Firuz
- Raziya Sultan
Turkan Khatoon:
- Turkan Khatoon was a prominent Persian poet and writer during the medieval period.
- She was born in the city of Tus in modern-day Iran and was known for her skill in composing poetry and prose in both Arabic and Persian languages.
- She was also known for her intellect and knowledge of a wide range of subjects, including philosophy, literature, and politics.
- Turkan Khatoon was a patron of the arts and supported many artists and writers during her lifetime.
- She is remembered as one of the most influential and respected figures in Persian literature and culture.
Nasiruddin Mahmud:
- Nasiruddin Mahmud was a medieval Islamic theologian and Sufi master who lived in the 13th century.
- He was a prominent member of the Shattari Sufi order and is known for his contributions to the development of Sufi thought and practice.
- He was also a prolific writer, producing numerous works on topics such as tasawwuf (Sufism), fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and tafsir (exegesis of the Qur’an).
- Nasiruddin Mahmud is highly respected by many Muslims for his deep understanding of Islam and his devotion to the path of Sufism.
Ruknuddin Firuz:
• He was the eldest son of Iltutmish who ascended the throne with the help of nobles.
• When the governor of Multan revolted, Ruknuddin Feroz Shah marched to suppress the revolt.
• Using this opportunity, Iltutmish’s daughter Raziya with the help of the Amirs of Delhi seized the throne of the Delhi Sultanate.
Raziya Sultan:
- Raziya Sultan was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate in India, reigning from 1236 to 1240. She was the daughter of Sultan Iltutmish and was appointed as his successor after the death of her two brothers.
- Raziya faced many challenges during her reign, including a lack of support from the male-dominated court and several attempts on her life. Despite these obstacles, she was a capable ruler and made several reforms, including improving the administration of justice and encouraging trade and commerce.
- However, her rule was eventually overthrown by her own Turkish nobles, who were unhappy with her leadership and the fact that she was a woman. Raziya was imprisoned and later died in 1240, marking the end of her brief but historic reign.
After Gwalior campaign in 1232, Raziya Sultan name was inscribed on the commemorative coin along with that of Iltutmish.
